A multilateral system requires a hegemonic presence to remain secure by exploring the creation and proliferation haute finance and its relationship to the system’s hegemon. Haute finance has become the foundation of international cooperation, and even though it is a nonstate actor, literature has shown that it came into existence through Britain’s role as the European hegemon and has endured with the United States at the helm. 

The Indo-Pacific region is a domain of ever-growing conflict involving numerous nations in economic and political disputes. China, as a nation is expanding its power and presence throughout the region claiming majority of the nautical area and expanding towards the Indian Ocean from the Pacific, in an expansionist approach to Indo-Pacific dominance presenting a national threat to India, ASEAN, and the United States of America as it strives in its objective to govern the Indo-Pacific region for energy security and trade supremacy. This article will focus on three aspects. It will first analyze India’s maritime interest in the Indo-Pacific Region, explore India’s Act East policy and its expansion with the littoral states of ASEAN, and examine the impact of rising tensions in the Indo-Pacific on the Western hemisphere and beyond.

A major debate about the United Nations is whether the organization has been effective in promoting human rights. From 1999 to 2006, the United Nations operated in the aftermath of the Sierra Leone conflict through the three bodies of the Human Rights Council, the Office of the High Commissioner, and the Special Court of Sierra Leone. While the three UN bodies functioned differently and often depended on the local governments’ ability and willingness to cooperate, they were overall able to improve the human rights situation of the country.

With the modern-day economic and security threats of the world, national interests lie in the world order, not outside of it. There have been some critical missteps that have led to the attack on the system, but the solution exists, not through avoidance but through an embrace of change.

The United Nations Human Rights Council’s (UNHRC) “naming and shaming” system often have differential effects across regimes due to variations in power, alliances, and economic impact, and are often ineffective in improving human rights in violator states. The naming and shaming system cannot simply serve as a tool for states to prove their support for human rights and to gain political legitimacy at the expense of alienating other states, and should instead focus on the very agents that will bring about and uphold global norms and values.

While drought and other forms of environmental stresses do not directly cause the onset of civil wars, can they contribute to the outbreak of intrastate conflicts? In the Syrian war, drought increased unemployment in the agricultural-sector, and this resulted in the aggravation of preexisting grievances over water scarcity, which was a trigger of the conflict’s initial protests that sparked the onset of the conflict.

The “Schiff era” from 1880 to 1920 transformed the United States into the world’s foremost industrialized economy. As a banker and philanthropist, Jacob Schiff advanced the industrial and imperial preeminence of the United States through syndicating loans for new American railroads, providing military funding to Japan during the Russo-Japanese War, and actively support the Open Door Policy in China.

Duterte’s anti-drug policy targeted the poor, even though drug users came from all economic classes; yet his approval rating among the poor is high at a consistent figure above 70 percent. So the question remains, if his anti-drug policy is particularly harmful towards the poor, why did they support him and why are they still supporting him?

China’s strategy to secure its energy resources can pose a serious geopolitical challenge for American diplomacy. In order to address the increasing complexity of energy geopolitics and diplomacy today, the U.S.-China bilateral relationship must be placed in their broader strategic, economic and political contexts in order to produce fruitful outcomes for both countries.

Trump administration’s coercive diplomacy was effective in bringing North Korea to the negotiating table at the June 2018 landmark summit in Singapore.

One of the most pressing questions in peacekeeping today is whether and how peace can be achieved in Mali. This research is an attempt to provide a history of the conflict in Mali and insight on whether there is still hope for achieving sustainable peace in the conflict-affected nation.